We end our journey with one of the most effervescent original compositions by Gazi Khan Manganiyar of Harwa village from the district of Bikaner in Rajasthan. Soon after it was composed, it became a “hit song” in the Rajasthani folk repertoire, passing on to other singers, even inspiring a popular number in a Hindi film.
Literally meaning “lemons”, the playful text of Nimbuda, built around catchy alliterative and onomatopoeic rhythms and sound patterns, draws its inspiration from the padla, the wedding ceremony which precedes the actual marriage, in which the bridegroom’s family is expected to send ceremonial clothes, ornaments, and ritual objects. There are hundreds of such padla songs, which are generally composed and sung by women; indeed, Gazi Khan himself acknowledges his musical debt to his mother. In this compostion, the young bride desires sour and unripe lemons, which symbolize her youthful energy. In addition, she also desires ivory bangles, a necklace, an anklet, and a beautiful scarf, all of which are linked to specific places where they are produced. The composition of the song is a freewheeling exploration of Raj Bhairavi. Its fast tempo, built through repetitions of phrases like nimbuda-numbuda, kacha-kacha, chhota-chhota, is set, for the most part, in Kalwara (8 beats), which is similar to the classical Kaharwa, except that it is more free in its exploration of the melody. Along with the Kalwara rhythm, which has no khali or unstressed spaces in the beats, Gazi also explores the slower Theka rhythm, also in eight beats. His dexterous interplay of melody and rhythm, punctured by the repetitive use of the onomatopoeic sound patterns, exemplifies the improvisational possibilities of the Manganiyar folk singing tradition.
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